Muhammadiyah Movement

Islam in our country Indonesia in this era still struggle to change the heresy in daily life to the purity of Islam which is without the superstitious, heresy, and also myth. Every Islamic scholar in Indonesia has a desire to change this situation which is happened in our country. Qur’an and Sunnah are the true way that Rasulullah SAW has told us as the good moeslem. Therefore, for creating this holy idea from the Islamic scholar and then in Indonesia created much of Islamic movement which are have a mission to phase out the traditional mind of Indonesian people in that time included in superstitious, heresy, and also myth.

         

           The Muhammadiyah movement is one of the Islamic movements in Indonesia which has a big desire to disappear the traditional mind Indonesian people little by little. The Muhammadiyah movement also has an important role to increase the social life in the society, economic, and also political life. The Muhammadiyah movement has an aim to make Indonesian moeslem become a modern people and rise up from their backwardness going to the people who have the admiration in this global or modern era. Therefore The Muhammadiyah movement has a new method to improve the education of moeslem such as give the welfare to the orphans.

             

          Kiyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan as the founding father of the Muhammadiyah movement was born in1868 in Kauman, Yogyakarta. He was having a good religious milieu because his father Kiyai Haji Abu Bakr, son Kiyai Haji Sulaiman, was a khatib of the Sultanate Mosque of Yogyakarta. His mother Siti Aminah or Nyai Haji Abu Bakr was the daughter of Kiyai Haji Ibrahim, a moeslem leader at kesultanan of Yogyakarta, son of Kiyai Haji Hasan.

When Ahmad Dahlan child he did not go to a government school which is managing by Dutch Colonial Government, the schools are not provided to the children who are not came from aristocratic class, only the aristocratic class who able to school in that era. Ahmad Dahlan is becoming the victim of Dutch Colonial Government which prevail that judiciousness.

Ahmad Dahlan received much of Islamic education which is very traditional education teachings, much of his knowledge in that time received from his father, and Islamic scholar in Yogyakarta. Ahmad Dahlan studied much of Islamic teachings such as Hadits, Fiqh, Arabic, and also he studied Astronomy (‘ilmu’l falak) from Kiyai Haji Dahlan of Semarang and Shaikh Muhammad Jamil Jambek of Bukit Tinggi. At 1902 he went to Mecca in the age of 22 with heling from his older sister Nyai haji Saleh, he stayed one year over there. And at 1903 he went again to Mecca, and stayed two years over there, he studied under the guidance of Shaikh Ahmad Khatib. Ahmad Dahlan most influence with Muhammad Abduh with his book “tafsir Al Manar”.

Oneday the relationship between Ahmad Dahlan and Kiyai Haji Kamaluddiningrat were not harmonious, when Ahmad Dahlan has an argument that the kiblat of mosque kesultanan is not right, therefore he has to change the direction to the correct one, but they not respond to Ahmad Dahlan’s idea. Therefore in one night Ahmad Dahlan and his student struggle to change the kiblat of mosque kesultanan by drawing the lines. Therefore this action make Kiyai Haji Kamaluddiningrat angered to him.

In 1909 Ahmad Dahlan joined Budi Utomo, and he has a mission to give religious instruction in the government school, without joining Budi Utomo he cannot running his mission, because inside Budi Utomo organization there are many members as a teacher and goverment staff. Ahmad Dahlan also joined Al Jama’ah Al Khairiyah at 1910. He believe the organization would give the important things for Islamis movement and also give the information the development of Islam in the world, because Jama’ah Al Khairiyah was the first organization in Indonesia has a good relation in the Middle East. All of efforts which were done by Ahmad Dahlan received a good response from Indonesia. Through Presidential decision No.657, dated December 27, 1961, declared Ahmad Dahlan as a national patriot.